Monday, November 26, 2012

Wireless based Instrumentation Projects (NON IEEE)

WIRELESS MOUSE CONTROLLED DISH ANTENNA

Objective of the project is to control the dish antenna position according to the mouse movement through zigbee transmission with help of microcontroller.

Scope:
In current process dish antenna is controlled manually by men or some wired remote. It’s difficult to change the position of the dish in a short time. So this project overcomes this problem.

WIRELESS BUILDING HEALTH MONITOR

Objective of the project is to monitor the health of the building through zigbee transmission with help of microcontroller.

Scope:
Nowadays there are so many buildings are become weak due to high temperature and increase of moist level. To avoid these kinds of problem we need to notice the building’s temperature and moisture status. In order to do that microcontroller is placed inside the wall of the building with sensors and zigbee. Through zigbee communication we can monitor the temperature, vibration and moist of the building from pc itself.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FOR POLICE PETROL

The objective of this project is to track the location using GPS receiver for the police patrol.

Scope:
In the last decade the number of deaths and fatal injuries from traffic accidents has been increasing rapidly. So, to avoid this, automatically transmit GPS (Global Positioning System) location to the police station with in a second. They will find the exact location by latitude and longitude values. The alarm will ON with the help of driver circuit when accident place reaches.


REMOTE RIVER LEVEL SENSOR NETWORK

The objective of this project is to monitor the river water level using the flow sensors and display on the LCD Display.

Scope:
This paper evaluates an automated water level monitoring network. This network contains multiple nodes on which measuring modules are installed. These modules collect raw data and transmit them periodically to a central monitoring system.
This monitoring system monitors and processes the raw data and extracts information. Based on this information, various approximations are made such as water level rise rate, time remaining to exceed the critical level etc. The whole network is implemented as a prototype.

PILGRIMS TRACKING USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

The objective of this project is to track location of the pilgrims using zigbee and monitoring in pc with the help of google map.

Scope:
In last decades if someone lost their path, it is so difficult to find their location but, by using this technique easily find their paths and rescue is very easy buy tracking GPS location.
We can track not only pilgrims path can also track anyone who having GPS receiver with them. GPS will provide latitude and longitude value, we can get the exact position by plotting these latitude and longitude in google map.


REAL TIME CROP FIELD MONITORING USING ZIGBEE

Objective:
The objective of this project is to monitor the temperature, PH and moister.

Scope:
In this project we are continuously monitor the temperature, PH and moister by the help of temperature sensor, PH sensor and moister senor. These values are continuously received to the PC. In we can monitor these parameters.

AD-HOC NETWORK BASED FLOOD MONITOR AND ALARM

Objective:
The main objective of this project is to monitor the flood using flow sensor. Flow sensor is used to measure the flow rate of the water.

Scope:
It is one of the best methods to identify the flood. This project consists of two flow sensor at different places, and to monitor the flow rate of water. If the flow rate is increased above the set rate in the two locations, the alarm will indicate and inform that flood.

TOUCH SCREEN AND ZIGBEE BASED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR APARTMENTS

Objective:
The objective of this project is to control the appliances through touch screen and ZIGBEE.

Scope:
In this project we are controlling the home appliances with the help of touch screen and ZIGBEE. The different places in touch screen produce different values. These values will transmit through ZIBEE. In the receiver side ZIGBEE receives and controls the relay.

MULTIPLE WIRELESS ELECTRONIC NOTICE BOARD

The objective of this project is to design the electronic notice board using the LCD and the wireless communication.

Scope:
Now a day’s college and school are using various type of method to convey the message to the student. In this project we convey the message to easily. We are display the data in LCD display. Project consists of two ZIGBEE receiver and two microcontrollers. The LCD display will display while the received data consist of specified symbol or character.

BLUETOOTH BASED HOME APPLIANCES CONTROLLER

Objective:
The objective of this project is to control the home appliances through Bluetooth technology. 


Scope:
In this project we are controlling the home appliances with the help of Bluetooth. One part of Bluetooth device is connected with PC. Another part is connected with controller. The commands sends from the PC is transmitted through Bluetooth device. After receiving the commands in the receiver Bluetooth, the commands are given to the microcontroller. According to the commands the home appliances will control by the help of relay.


More projects and posts coming soon.

Wednesday, November 21, 2012

Interferometer

Basic Principle of Interferometer

Interferometer is a precise instrument for flow visualization. The variation of refractive index of the flowing gas with density is the basic principle used in thses system. The principle of interference of light waves is used. At a phase angle, the number of fringes are in relation to change in density with respect to the zero fringe condition.

Description of Interferometer

The arrangement consists of the following:
  1. Two windows to form a test section
  2. A light source
  3. Two Lenses L1 and L2
  4. Two beam splitters B1 and B2
  5. Two mirrors M1 and M2
  6. A display Screen.

Operation of Interferometer

  1. Light rays from a source are collimated with a lens L1. That is, the light rays become a parallel beam of rays when they come out of the lens L1.
  2. This collimated light rays are then split by a beam splitter B1. The two beams traverse at right angles to each other.
  3. That is the beam splitter B1 makes half of the light to go to mirrir M1. The remaining half is reflected towards mirror M2.
  4. Beam 1 is made to pass through the test section (to experience the flow filed) and beam 2 travels an alternate path, but of equal length.
  5. The two beams are agin brought together with the help of beam splitter S2 and are then focused onto the display screen.
  6. Because of the variation in the refractive properties of the flowing gas in the test section, beams-1 will have a travel path of different optical length when compared to that of beam 2. Beacuase of this, the two beams will be out of phase and will interface when they are joined together at B2. This causes alternate bright and dark regions called fringes on the display screen.
  7. The number of fringes will be a function of the difference in the optical length of the two beams. That is, for a difference in the path lengths of one wavelength, one fringe will appear. For a difference in the path lengths teo wave lengths, two fringes will appear and so on.
  8. It is to be noted that if medium I the test section has the same optical properties as that of the medium experience by beam 2, no fringe shifts will appear.
  9. Thus by observing ( and photographing) the interference effects, direct measurement of density variations of the flow in the test section can be obtained/ visualized.
  10. The only disadvantage in yusing this instrument is that it is difficult to align the setup to get beams that have travel paths of the same optical lengths.

Thursday, November 15, 2012

Laser Doppler anemometer

Doppler Effect is a method for measuring linear velocity. When a narrow laser beam ( or radio beam or ultrasonic beam) is focused on an abject, the beam will be reflected back to the source. But if the object is moving, the frequency of the signal received back will differ from that of the transmitted signal. This difference in frequency (Doppler shift) becomes a measure of the velocity of the object .

LDA is used to measure flow (especially, high frequency turbulence fluctuations). This device can measure velocity of flow precisely and they don’t disturb the flow during the measurement process.

Description of Laser Doppler anemometer

The main parts of this device are as follows

  1. A laser source (an argon laser or He-Ne laser).
  2. A beam splitter that splits the laser beam into two equal intensity beams.
  3. Alens to focus the two split lazer beams at an intersection point.
  4. A photomultiplier tube (PMT)


For a flow whose velocity is to be determine, it is to be noyted that the flow should contain small particles to scatter the light. The particle concentration should be very small.

Operation of Laser Doppler anemometer


  1. The laser source sends a beam that is split by a beam splitter into two beams.
  2. The two parallel beams are focused by the lens L1 such that they intersect at a point in the test section were flow ( with particles ) exists. In the region of intersection, interference fringes are formed.
  3. The particles (carried along with the flow) that pass through the intersection of the beams scatter the light from both the beams.
  4. The scattered light experiences a Doppler shift in frequency that is directly proportional to the flow velocity.
  5. The light is collected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The device is constructed such that the direct and scattered beams travel in the same optical path so that an interference will be observed at the PMT that is proportional to frequency shift. This shift then gives an indication of flow velocity.
  6. A signal processor is used to retrieve velocity data from the PMT.


Advantages of Laser Doppler anemometer


  1. The device does not disturb the flow during measurement
  2. The device measure velocity directly
  3. Volume of sensing part can be very small
  4. Highly accurate
  5. Can be used to measure flow of both gases and liquids.


Disadvantages of Laser Doppler anemometer


  1. Requires transparent channels
  2. Cannot be-used on clean flows


Applications of Laser Doppler anemometer


  1. Wind tunnel studies
  2. Blood flow measurement
  3. Sensing of wind velocity
  4. Used in the field of combustion