Update:Linear Variable Displacement Transducer (LVDT):
A very basic transducer which is always useful in the field of instrumentation, I have studied about this in my college days. Now let me explain about the LVDT with its Principle of Operation and I will explain how it is constructed for its well known operation and you can understand the working of LVDT.
Principle of LVDT:
LVDT works under the principle of mutual induction, and the displacement which is a non-electrical energy is converted into an electrical energy. And the way how the energy is getting converted is described in working of LVDT in a detailed manner.
Construction of LVDT:

Working of LVDT:
Let's study the working of LVDT by splitting the cases into 3 based on the iron core position inside the insulated former.
Case 1:
On applying an external force which is the displacement, if the core reminds in the null position itself without providing any movement then the voltage induced in both the secondary windings are equal which results in net output is equal to zero
i.e., Esec1-Esec2=0
Case 2:
When an external force is appilied and if the steel iron core tends to move in the left hand side direction then the emf voltage induced in the secondary coil is greater when compared to the emf induced in the secondary coil 2. Therefore the net output will be Esec1-Esec2
Case 3:
When an external force is applied and if the steel iron core moves in the right hand side direction then the emf induced in the secondary coil 2 is greater when compared to the emf voltage induced in the secondary coil 1. therefore the net output voltage will be Esec2-Esec1
Advantages of LVDT:
* Infinite resolution is present in LVDT
* High output
* LVDT gives High sensitivity
* Very good linearity
* Ruggedness
* LVDT Provides Less friction
* Low hysteresis
* LVDT gives Low power consumption.
Disadvantages of LVDT:
* Very high displacement is required for generating high voltages.
* Shielding is required since it is sensitive to magnetic field.
* The performance of the transducer gets affected by vibrations
* Its is greatly affected by temperature changes.
Applications of LVDT:
LVDT is used to measure displacement ranging from fraction millimeter to centimeter.
Acting as a secondary transducer, LVDT can be used as a device to measure force, weight and pressure, etc..